The Influence of Social Media, Geoint Literacy, and Socio-Demographic Factors on Geoint Awareness among Generation Z
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijetr.v4i2.1Keywords:
Digital literacy, GEOINT Awareness, Generation Z, Privacy paradox, Sosial media usageAbstract
The widespread use of location-based services has normalized geospatial data sharing among Generation Z, often with limited attention to data security. This study examines the influence of social media intensity, GEOINT literacy, and sociodemographic factors on GEOINT awareness in Indonesia. Data from 100 respondents revealed a privacy paradox: 78% shared location information despite 64% having received digital security education. Regression analysis identified social media intensity as the strongest predictor of awareness (β = 0.334), followed by GEOINT literacy (β = 0.327) and sociodemographic factors (β = 0.296), explaining 84.5% of the variance (R² = 0.845). Findings indicate that social media is the primary driver of GEOINT awareness, supported by literacy and sociodemographic context.
References
Akshaya, R., Saravanan, C., & Divya, T. L. (2024). A Novel Approach for Building Cyber Crime Prediction and Analysis Model using Random Forest. 8th IEEE International Conference on Computational System and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions Csitss 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSITSS64042.2024.10816938
Alrayes, F. S., Abdelmoty, A. I., & El-Geresy, W. (2025). User profile visualisation for privacy awareness on Geo-Social Networks. Journal of Location Based Services, 19(1), 43–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2024.2399512
Arzoglou, E., Kortesniemi, Y., Ruutu, S., & Elo, T. (2022). Privacy Paradox in Social Media: A System Dynamics Analysis. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics: 13350 LNCS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08751-6_47
Astuti, E. F., Hidayanto, A. N., Nurwardani, S., & Salsabila, A. Z. (2024). Assessing Indonesian MSMEs’ Awareness of Personal Data Protection by PDP Law and ISO/IEC 27001:2013. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 14(5), 1559–1567. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.140523
Asvikaa, V. S., & Gupta, D. (2018). The Social Travelers: Factors Impacting Influence of Location Sharing in Social Media on Motivation to Travel. 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing Communications and Informatics Icacci 2018, 1543–1546. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCI.2018.8554658
BBC News Indonesia. (2018, April 5). Satu juta data pengguna di Indonesia bocor Menkominfo panggil Facebook. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia
Chen, J.-C., & Ha, Q.-A. (2019). Factors affecting the continuance to share location on social networking sites: The influence of privacy concern, trust, benefit and the moderating role of positive feedback and perceived promotion innovativeness. Contemporary Management Research, 15(2), 89–121. https://doi.org/10.7903/CMR.19268
Dorobisz, J. (2024). ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND RISKS IN THE FIELD OF NETWORK SECURITY BASED ON STATISTICAL DATA. Geographic Information Systems Odyssey Journal, 4(2), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.57599/gisoj.2024.4.2.147
Esquen, B., & Palomino-Flores, P. (2025). Generation Z and the Media Landscape Shifting Credibility and Adaptation Strategies in Journalism. In Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies: 427 SIST. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0426-5_34
Gumay, D., Darwanto, D., Puspita Sari, Y., Prasetia, P., & Ramadhani, F. (2025). The Association Between Javanese Culture and Food Waste Among Gen Z. E3S Web of Conferences, 665, 04005. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202566504005
Gunawan, D., Awwal, S. N., & Afif, F. N. H. (2025). Sentiment Analysis of Personal Data Protection and Privacy Law in Indonesia Using Multinomial Naive Bayes Algorithm. 2025 International Conference on Smart Computing Iot and Machine Learning Siml 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIML65326.2025.11080902
Ha, Q.-A., & Chen, J.-C. V. (2016). Strategy to promote location sharing on social network under perspectives of culture. Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems Pacis 2016 Proceedings.
Hall, B. ‘J.’ (2017). Cultural Communication Norms. In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication (pp. 1–8). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118783665.ieicc0116
Hamedani, S. S., Siang, L. C., Elnewiri, M. A. B., Babanejaddehaki, G., & Aslam, S. (2025). The role of attention span in neuromarketing: A social psychological exploration of multi-sensory engagement among generation Z. Environment and Social Psychology, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3731
Hess, Y. D., Carnevale, J. J., & Rosario, M. (2018). A construal level approach to understanding interpersonal processes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12409
Hinds, J., Williams, E. J., & Joinson, A. N. (2020). “It wouldn’t happen to me”: Privacy concerns and perspectives following the Cambridge Analytica scandal. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102498
Intan, A. A., & Intan, R. (2023). Case Study: A Review of Cybersecurity Policies and Challenges in Indonesia. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems: 853 LNNS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50327-6_28
Jyothi, M., & Mohan, P. V. K. (2025). Green Consumerism among Gen-Z in Tier-II Indian Cities: A Case Based Exploration of Emerging Urban Markets. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, IX(VII), 1885–1900. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.907000156
Lipschultz, J. H. (2019). Social Media Ethics 2.0. In Next Generation Ethics Engineering A Better Society. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108616188.027
Lund, B. D., Anderson, B., Roeschley, A., & Hossain, G. (2025). Understanding the relationship between personal data privacy literacy and data privacy information sharing by university students. Journal of Information Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515251379049
Memarian, S., Malgonde, O. S., & Kim, D. J. (2025). Unraveling the Privacy Paradox: a Comprehensive Review of Factors Behind the Discrepancy in Online Concerns and Disclosure Behavior. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-025-10617-y
Mohammed, R. N., & Mohammed, M. D. (2025). Geographical Analysis for Political Awareness by Artificial Intelligence of the Population of Baghdad Governorate (pp. 508–522). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09562-6_37
Mondal, H., Sahoo, M. R., & Mondal, S. (2022). Characteristics of Cyber Sextortion in India: Content Analysis of Online Newspapers Published in 2019–2021. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 4(3), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/26318318221096755
Mulyadi, & Rahayu, D. (2019). Indonesia National Cybersecurity Review: Before and after Establishment National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN). 2018 6th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management Citsm 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITSM.2018.8674265
Nyrhinen, J., Uusitalo, O., Frank, L., & Wilska, T.-A. (2022). How is social capital formed across the digital-physical servicescape? Digital Business, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2022.100047
Park, K.-G., & Han, S. (2018). How Use of Location-Based Social Network (LBSN) Services Contributes to Accumulation of Social Capital. Social Indicators Research, 136(1), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1525-9
Patil, S., Norcie, G., Kapadia, A., & Lee, A. J. (2012). “Check out where i am!”: Location-Sharing Motivations, Preferences, and Practices. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Proceedings, 2012-Janua, 1997–2002. https://doi.org/10.1145/2212776.2223742
P.Harshitha, Dr V Anji Reddy, & Dr Prasada Rao Lingala. (2025). A Study on Digital Literacy and the Impact of Social Media on Youth in Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences, RDEMS-1(RDEMS-4). https://doi.org/10.46647/b2ar2v96
Rousseau, A. (2022). Conceptualizing the Role of Social Context in Media Selectivity: The Social Embeddedness of Media Reliance and Internalization (SEMRI) Model. Mass Communication and Society, 25(2), 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2021.1938132
Rughiniș, R., Rughiniș, C., Vulpe, S. N., & Rosner, D. (2021). From social netizens to data citizens: Variations of GDPR awareness in 28 European countries. Computer Law and Security Review, 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105585
Saura, J. R., Gelashvili, V., & Martínez-Navalón, J. G. (2025). The Impact of Social Media on Gen Z’s Mental Health and Privacy. Journal of Competitiveness, 17(1), 233–252. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2025.01.11
Shore, A., & Cummings, J. J. (2024). A Push for Obscurity: The Role of Social Influence on Mobile Location Data Disclosure. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1211–1220.
Sroka, K., & Popiołek, M. (2020). Perception of privacy in the internet and private information management: Results of a study conducted among junior high school students. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Social Media Ecsm 2020, 280–287. https://doi.org/10.34190/ESM.20.039
Sugiyono. (2020). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D (2nd ed.). Alfabeta.
Sukmayadi, V., & Yahya, A. H. (2021). Geographic media literacy for indonesian geography education. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 683(1), 012038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/683/1/012038
Suryani, W., Lestari, I., & Afwina, R. (2025). From Scroll to Stroll: The Role of FOMO and Climate Advocacy in Shaping Gen Z’s Travel Intentions for Sustainable Tourism Destination. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 20(9), 4041–4050. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.200933
Tolstikova, I., Ignatjeva, O., Kondratenko, K., & Pletnev, A. (2022). Designing Educational Trajectories for Generation Z: Identifying Cognitive Factors. In Communications in Computer and Information Science: 1503 CCIS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93715-7_19
Trifiro, B. M., & Prena, K. (2021). Active Instagram Use and Its Association With Self-Esteem and Well-Being. Technology Mind and Behavior, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/tmb0000043
Van Binh, T., Minh, D. T., Linh, L. T. H., & Van Nhan, T. (2023). Location-based service information disclosure on social networking sites: The effect of privacy calculus, subjective norms, trust, and cultural difference. Information Services and Use, 43(1), 39–62. https://doi.org/10.3233/ISU-230180
Vilar, M. J. B., Aspuria, A. A., Garcia, J. I. G., Bautista, L. J. M., Donato, L. E. F., Villaluz, A. C., & Intal, G. L. (2024). Digital Footprints Among University Students: Patterns & Privacy Implications. Proceedings 2024 14th International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering Icste 2024, 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSTE63875.2024.00026
